Green book seasonal influenza strains

Mar 20, 20 the flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. While most people have some immunity to the circulating strains of the virus, annual influenza vaccine is recommended. The best way to prevent flu is to get the flu shot. Influenza immunisation information including updates for public health professionals. These deadly strains produced 3 global pandemics in the last century, the worst of which occurred in 1918. Sep 14, 2016 most antigenically novel and evolutionarily successful strains of seasonal influenza a h3n2 originate in east, south and southeast asia. Healthcare practitioners should refer to the green book influenza. Qivs can help protect against four different influenza virus strains, including the two influenza a strains and two influenza b strains. Since the spanish flu, another 50 million or so people have fallen victim to one of the many seasonal. The influenza ah1n1v strain continued to cause widespread illness during the 201011 influenza season. Most people who get the conventional or seasonal flu recover completely in 12 weeks, but some people develop serious and potentially lifethreatening medical complications, such as pneumonia. Twice a year, the world health organization who recommends which strains to include in seasonal vaccines and this recommendation is made 78 months in advance of the northern and southern hemisphere influenza. Jun 25, 20 seasonal influenza flu past weekly surveillance reports. Influenza is usually self limiting in healthy individuals, with recovery in 37 days.

The live attenuated influenza vaccine laiv used for the at risk childrens programme is also quadrivalent. Because symptoms of novel and seasonal flu can be similar, it is important to collect a history of recent animal contact and travel. Public health significance and occurrence of influenza. Vaccines help your immune system to recognize and fight bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.

The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season. Comparing influenza vaccine efficacy against mismatched and. Healthcare workers and seasonal flu vaccine 20192020 influenza season presentation from hpsc. Avian influenza viruses are one possible source of novel influenza strains. While there are many types of flu, it is important to note that the stomach. Additionally, aerosol transmission plays a part in influenza virus transmission. It is widely accepted that an annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Influenza is highly infectious with a usual incubation period of one to three days. The first human infection with the influenza virus likely stimulates the production of key antibodies that then shape later immune responses to different seasonal. Investigating the association of receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine with occurrence of anesthesiaparesthesia and severe headaches, canada 2012201617, the canadian vaccine safety network.

Inactivated influenza vaccine information for healthcare. Everyone 6 months and older needs a flu vaccine each year. The incubation time for influenza can vary from one to five days and typically causes fever, cough, sore throat, muscle pain, runny nose, and loss of appetite. Influenza a and influenza b are responsible for most clinical illness. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy in preventing influenza infection in infants, england, 2014. Seasonal influenza national association of school nurses. Influenza is a highly infectious, viral infection of the respiratory tract. A series of questions and answers has been developed in response to some frequently asked questions.

Despite the recent emergence of the influenza ah1n1v strain, conditions still exist for the emergence of future influenza strains with potential. Immunisation against infectious diseases the green book influenza chapter. This treatment summary topic describes influenza vaccine. Influenza chapter of the green book can be found at. Some people, such as older adults, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at higher risk for flu complications. Seasonal influenza vaccine flu shot immunization has saved more lives in canada in the last 50 years than any other medical intervention. This can be used by clinicians working in any sector of.

In most people, the infection results in the person getting a fever, cough, headache, and malaise tired, no energy. Since the spanish flu, another 50 million or so people have fallen victim to. Greek writings from 412 bc describe what medical historians believe may have been an influenza outbreak 10,11. Most antigenically novel and evolutionarily successful strains of seasonal influenza a h3n2 originate in east, south and southeast asia. Costeffectiveness analysis of quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in england. Publicly funded influenza vaccine is still available to eligible groups.

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on. The season occurs during the cold half of the year in each hemisphere. In the uk, people usually get seasonal flu between december and march, although outbreaks can happen as early as october and as late as may.

Moreover, only influenza type a viruses are responsible for the occasional pandemics. While the beginning of major flu activity in each season varies by location, in any. Apr 24, 2020 in the spring of 2009, influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus emerged to cause illness in human and resulted in a pandemic in mid 2009. Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on the. Find information on coronavirus disease 2019 covid19. Flu vaccination has been shown to prevent flu illnesses, doctors visits and hospitalizations and can be lifesaving in children 20182019 u. Antigenic drifts minor changes of seasonal influenza viruses will lead to emergence of new strains. Although seasonal influenza immunization will not prevent avian influenza infection, some countries footnote 66 and provinces, have recommended influenza immunization on a yearly basis for poultry workers based on the rationale that preventing infection with human influenza strains may reduce the theoretical potential for humanavian re. May 08, 2020 find information on coronavirus disease 2019 covid19. Mdhhs pediatric flu deaths confirmed in michigan, first two. A majority of the positive influenza specimens confirmed by mdhhs bureau of laboratories this flu season have been influenza b virus.

Flu is a contagious respiratory disease caused by different strains of the influenza virus and can result in mild to severe illness. Seasonal influenza vaccination 2020 immunisation programs. Historical annual reformulations of the influenza vaccine. Despite the recent emergence of the influenza ah1n1v strain, conditions still exist for the emergence of future influenza strains with potential to lead to another pandemic for example, from influenza a h5n1 or h7n9 strains. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. Getting the flu shot every year is the best way to.

The influenza a virus is broken down into subtypes, and both a and b are broken down into strains for classification. Elderly people, children under 6 months old, pregnant women, and people with chronic conditions or immunosuppression are at increased risk of complications. The predominant strain last influenza season was influenza ah1n1pdm09 it is important to remember that there are flu related hospitalizations and deaths every flu season, due to various virus strains. Influenza epidemics and pandemics have been occurring for centuries.

The study notes that 19 different influenza strains have affected humans in the last 100 years, but the speed with which new strains have emerged has increased over the past 15 years. Michigan has experienced widespread flu activity over the past few weeks. Influenza activity can sometimes be predicted and even tracked geographically. Incubation period of influenza virus the incubation period is 14 days, with an average of 2 days for seasonal influenza.

Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness, 20042018 last year it was said that the flu vaccine was only 10% effective. Its estimated that about 1 in 18 children, 1 in 38 elderly and 1 in 45 adults 3 who get influenza like illnesses will. The purpose of the influenza vaccination programme is to protect those most at risk of developing severe disease or complications or from dying if they develop the infection. Among adults, for example, the inactivated influenza vaccine was reported to have a vaccine efficacy ve of 59% 95% confidence interval ci 51 to 67.

Explaining the geographical origins of seasonal influenza. People tend to get it around the same time every year. It is caused by influenza virus and is easily transmitted, predominantly via the droplet and contact routes and by indirect spread from respiratory secretions on hands, tissues, etc. Seasonal influenza peer vaccination programme guidelines for staff. To understand this pattern, we simulated the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza in a host metapopulation representing the temperate north, tropics and temperate south. Two subtypes of influenza a currently circulate in humans. The remaining modules then present a stepbystep approach to clinical management. Influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract that spreads easily from person to person. Influenza, commonly called the flu, is an illness caused by rna viruses orthomyxoviridae family that infect the respiratory tract of many animals, birds, and humans.

Relative incidence and individuallevel severity of. Explaining the geographical origins of seasonal influenza a. Influenza flu is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of outbreaks of influenza flu. Epidemiological factors associated with increased odds for influenza included weeks when. Novel influenza a h7 strains have been frequently associated with conjunctivitis. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. The usual experience following a pandemic is that the pandemic strain dominates the annual epidemics for some years.

Influenza types a and b are responsible for most cases of clinical illness in the uk. Influenza causes significant loss of workdays, human suffering, and m. Comparing influenza vaccine efficacy against mismatched. But it doesnt take a onceinalifetime strain of influenza to have a deadly impact. Pdf costeffectiveness analysis of quadrivalent seasonal. Epidemics result in local spikes in infection incidence, and tend to be driven by seasonal influenza strains, whereas pandemics are epidemics that spread globally. The relevant strains influenza viruses to be included in seasonal influenza vaccines are determined each year by the world health organization who 7. Heterotypic neuraminidase antibodies against different a. Serious outcomes can include hospitalization or death. Book seasonal influenza flu past weekly surveillance reports. New evidence emerged following the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic that obesity was an independent risk factor for hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death in laboratory.

It begins with basic epidemiological and clinical characteristics, including surveillance as a background. Mdhhs pediatric flu deaths confirmed in michigan, first. Seasonal influenza canadian public health authorities continue to offer fourstrain quadrivalent influenza vaccines qivs. In the spring of 2009, influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus emerged to cause illness in human and resulted in a pandemic in mid 2009. In the united kingdom immunisation for influenza for certain groups. Annual seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for any person aged 6 months and over who wishes to reduce the likelihood of becoming ill with influenza. Maternal influenza vaccination and effect on influenza virus infection in young infants.

Influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. This particular strain, influenza ah1n1 pdm09, continues to circulate globally as seasonal influenza 5, 6. Its estimated that about 1 in 18 children, 1 in 38 elderly and 1 in 45 adults 3 who get influenzalike illnesses will. This short, intermediatelevel course is for frontline health workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed seasonal influenza infection. By analyzing more than full genome sequences of ah3n2 and ah1n1 influenza viruses, nelson et al. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza 1. Further information on influenza infection is included in the green book influenza chapter and on nhs. Although the seasonal strains of influenza virus that circulate in the annual influenza cycle constitute a substantial public health concern, far more lethal influenza strains than these have emerged periodically. Annual influenza vaccination can prevent much of the illness and death caused by conventional or seasonal. In some cases the pandemic strain replaces one of the previously circulating strains. Starting in the 201220 season, the recommendation shifted from a trivalent influenza vaccine tiv containing three strains to a quadrivalent influenza vaccine qiv that contains both influenza b lineages. A new influenza pandemic is quite possible, according to a study by researchers at the university of nsws school of public health. The following is a list of who recommended strains for the northern hemisphere influenza season. Influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus has now become one of the seasonal influenza strains worldwide.

Annual national flu programme letter 2019 to 2020 nhs england. Annual vaccine is prepared in advance of the influenza season. Seasonal influenza is a preventable infectious disease with mostly respiratory symptoms. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution. Each year in september and february respectively, the who global influenza program announces the influenza strains for production of the next seasonal vaccines. Seasonal influenza poses serious problems for global public health, being a. If a novel influenza strain begins to infect humans and is easily transmitted person to person, there is potential for an influenza pandemic. Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine, 1652. Seqirus is a reliable supplier of seasonal influenza vaccine with the ability to rapidly respond to pandemic threats. Investigating obesity as a risk factor for influenza. Seasonal vaccines include only 3 or 4 viral strains one h1n1 influenza a, one h3n2 influenza a, and one or two influenza b viruses.

Influenza vaccine treatment summary bnf content published by. Influenza april 2019 19 influenza the disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. Governmentfunded influenza vaccines will start to become available from midapril 2019. The government resource immunisation against infectious disease the green book. Influenza vaccination formulary recommendations 1819 nhs. Influenza, in immunisation against infectious disease the green book. The textbook of influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. Jan 10, 2020 but it doesnt take a onceinalifetime strain of influenza to have a deadly impact. Among influenza viruses, different strains of subtype ah1n1 influenza have circulated in humans 2,3 until its extinction in 2009 coinciding with the emergence of the new pandemic strain, ah1n1 pdm09. Seqirus is on the front line of influenza protection, helping guard against costly and lifethreatening epidemics and pandemics. Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. Challenges of selecting seasonal influenza vaccine strains.

Seasonal influenza refers to the limited periodic outbreaks of respiratory illness that typically occur in the fall and winter in the united states. Seqirus also inlicenses a wide range of vaccines, antivenoms and pharmaceutical products from our partner licensors to ensure these products are available to meet the needs of australias community at home and abroad. Seasonal influenza vaccination programme 20192020 hse. Seasonal flu influenza is an infection caused by a virus that can affect your nose, throat and lungs. The flu vaccine is available from october 2019 until end of april 2020. This reflects current jcvi advice and green book guidance that was updated in october 2017 on the basis of costeffectiveness data produced by phe. Canadian immunization guide chapter on influenza and. The 2009 seasonal influenza recommendations include new and updated information. Seasonal epidemics during those years can be more severe. While the epidemiological characteristics of the initial wave of ph1n1 have been studied in detail, less is known about its infection dynamics during subsequent waves or its severity relative to sh3n2. The current recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccine in the influenza chapter of the green book.